What the course covers
P&I clubs are shipowners' mutuals covering third-party liabilities. The International Group is made up of twelve clubs, which between them cover around 87% of world ocean-going tonnage under a pooling and reinsurance arrangement. The course explains that structure, the call and supplementary calls, and the effect of the "pay to be paid" rule.
The Spanish statutory frame is articles 406 to 467 of the Ley 14/2014, de 24 de julio, de Navegación Marítima (Spanish Maritime Navigation Act), which separates hull, cargo, freight, liability and protection and indemnity cover.
On cover, sessions run through the standard sections of club rules: cargo liability, pollution, wreck removal, crew and passenger injury and death, fines, collision and damage to fixed and floating objects. Exclusions and the boundary with hull and machinery cover are taken together. Claims handling is practised end to end: notice to the club, appointment of surveyors and correspondents, letters of undertaking and subrogated recovery.
The cargo module works the Institute Cargo Clauses 2009. Clause A is all risks; clauses B and C cover named perils. What separates B from C is earthquake, volcanic eruption, lightning, washing overboard, entry of water into the vessel or container, and total loss of a package lost overboard or dropped during loading or discharge.
The course closes on limitation of liability under the LLMC 1976 and its 1996 Protocol, with the 2012 amendments in force since 2015, read with articles 392 to 405 LNM.
Who it is for
Shipowners, managers and fleet insurance officers. Marine brokers and underwriters. Average adjusters and surveyors. Shippers and forwarders pursuing cargo claims. Lawyers litigating against insurers or handling casualties with a club.
Why it matters
Cover is determined by the club rules and the certificate of entry, read with the member's own conduct. An exclusion or a breach of warranty leaves the owner unsupported on a casualty that has already happened.
On the cargo side, the choice between clauses A, B and C fixes which losses are indemnified. In wet-damage claims the gap between B and C decides the outcome.
Sessions use club rules, certificates of entry and claim files, anonymised, with the statutory text alongside.
Programme
- P&I clubs and the International Group: structure, calls and "pay to be paid"
- Marine insurance in the LNM (arts. 406-467): classes and assured's duties
- Club cover and exclusions; the boundary with hull and machinery
- Cargo insurance: Institute Cargo Clauses 2009, clauses A, B and C
- Claims handling: notice, survey, letters of undertaking and subrogation
- Limitation of liability: LLMC 1976, 1996 Protocol and arts. 392-405 LNM
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