Legal advice on artificial intelligence applied to transport, logistics and international trade. EU AI Act, algorithmic liability and technology contracts.
Artificial intelligence and digital technology are transforming operations in the transport, logistics and international trade sectors at unprecedented speed. At the same time, the regulatory framework governing their use is consolidating with concrete obligations and deadlines that companies in the sector must understand and prepare for.
At Vectoris Legal we advise road transport companies, logistics operators, freight forwarders, customs agents and shipping companies on compliance with the new legal obligations arising from the sector's digital transformation.
Spain's Sustainable Mobility Act 9/2025 marks the end of paper in road transport. From 5 September 2026, the administrative control document for public road freight transport — regulated by Order FOM/2861/2012 — must be exclusively electronic. This affects all parties in the chain: carriers, shippers and logistics operators.
The electronic consignment note (eCMR) is the central instrument of this digitalisation. In international traffic, the eCMR is governed by the Additional Protocol to the CMR Convention, to which Spain is a party. In national traffic, the obligation derives from the Sustainable Mobility Act 9/2025 and Royal Decree 70/2022, which amended the Spanish Land Freight Transport Contract Act (LCTTM). Non-compliance can lead to sanctions from the Transport Inspectorate and contractual disputes over the validity of transport documents.
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, known as the AI Act, entered into force on 1 August 2026 and will be fully applicable from 2 August 2026. It is the world's first comprehensive artificial intelligence regulation, affecting any company that uses, develops or distributes AI systems within the European Union.
For transport and logistics companies, the most relevant obligations include: fleet and route management AI systems (transparency and documentation obligations), high-risk AI systems for driver and personnel selection (conformity assessment, registration and human oversight required), AI for customs classification and risk assessment, and chatbots and customer service tools (transparency obligations).
AI Act non-compliance penalties can reach €35 million or 7% of total annual global turnover for the most serious infringements.
Regulation (EU) 2020/1056 on electronic freight transport information — eFTI — requires Member State authorities to accept regulatory transport information in electronic format. Applicable since 21 August 2026, this regulation establishes the technical and legal framework for data interoperability between platforms, carriers and authorities. For logistics operators and freight forwarders, it marks the beginning of a transition towards structured, interoperable data architectures.
The deployment of digital systems, fleet management platforms, GPS tracking tools, artificial intelligence applications and SaaS solutions in the transport and logistics sector inevitably involves the processing of personal data: drivers, customers, suppliers and end users. This processing is subject to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR) and, in Spain, to the Organic Law 3/2018 on Personal Data Protection (LOPDGDD).
Vectoris Legal advises companies in the sector on their data protection compliance obligations: drafting and reviewing Records of Processing Activities (RPA), privacy policies, information clauses and data processing agreements, Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIA), security breach management and handling of data subject rights requests (access, rectification, erasure, portability and objection).
We pay particular attention to international data flows in cross-border transport operations, the lawfulness of processing geolocation data of drivers and vehicles, and the requirements arising from the use of AI systems that process personal data under the new EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act).
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